The immediate measures that a National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government can take are to ensure that the all sewage and effluent treatment plants that discharge in to Yamuna are fully functional. It would need to upgrade the STP infrastructure greatly in the capital as the current number of STPs, even if they are functional will not be able to treat the amount of toxic effluents that are discharged in to the river currently. Yamuna in its flow through Delhi also doesn't have the minimum environmental flow which has made it a "dead" river.
Pumping about Rs 6,500 crores in Yamuna Action Plan (YAP) I and II over 19 years, a part of which was also during NDA rule didn't manage to bring back Yamuna from the brink. Now Modi's plans to declare Ganga as a national project and his emotive speech in Varanasi that he had answered the call of Mother Ganga, may mean a more serious approach toward rivers.
Encroachments on the floodplains such as the Akshardham temple which was cleared during the NDA rule earlier should not be allowed any more ecologists said. "We need a river protection zone notified immediately for Yamuna so that there are no more encroachments on the floodplains. Yamuna and all its tributaries in the central zone—from Yamuna Nagar to Etawah have no flow and completely dried. To revive them, we need to ensure a minimum flow all year round," said Manoj Misra of Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan.
Many environmentalists said that they were concerned NDA will only pay a lip service to rivers like Ganga or Yamuna because of their relevance to right wing "Hindutva" ideology but not do much on ground.
Himangshu Thakkar of South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP) for instance quotes the example of Sabarmati. "The water that's flowing through Ahmedabad is actually water from Narmada that has been channelized in to Sabarmati. Downstream of Narmada when it flows through Ankleshwar and Bharuch, it's extremely polluted because of discharge of untreated effluents. So that clearly can't be a model for any river. No river is clean in Gujarat," said Thakkar.
In fact, Vapi an industrial town in Gujarat which has river Daman Ganga flowing through it had topped the list of critically polluted areas prepared by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 2011. Daman Ganga which used to be lifeline for fishermen is highly polluted now. Ankleshwar had topped the same CPCB list in 2009. Amlakhadi river at Ankleshwar and Khari river at Lali village in Ahmedabad are also highly polluted due to industrial effluents according to CPCB reports.
"BJP government in Gujarat or the NDA in centre has hardly done anything for rivers. We still respect their intentions this time and hope that they will take up the issue. One of the urgent issues that Modi government can resolve is to re-negotiate the 1994 MOU which allots just 0.724 billion cubic meters (BCM) of water in Delhi of the 11.983 BCM of annual utilizable flow." added Misra.
Professor Vikram Soni of Jamia Millia University also strongly advocates ensuring a minimum flow in Yamuna first. His recent scientific study has established the need to maintain at least 50% to 60% of the total monsoon flow throughout the year for transporting river sediment, biodiversity balance and preventing algal choking.
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